By Joyce LeFever Kee
With a transparent, finished strategy, this quick-reference guide at the easy ideas of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balances, imbalances, and similar problems is a must have for all nursing scholars.
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Additional resources for Handbook of Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances
Sample text
Concentration of plasma proteins reduces osmotic pressure thus failing to draw fluid from the interstitial space back into the intravascular space. The initial fluid shift from the intravascular compartment will cause a fluid volume deficit (FVD). After a period of time, the fluid shifts back into the intravascular space causing a fluid volume excess (FVE). 35 36 ● Unit I Fluids and Their Influence on the Body ETIOLOGY Clinical causes of ECFV shift can be as simple as a blister or sprain or as serious as massive injuries, burns, ascites, abdominal surgery, a perforated peptic ulcer, intestinal obstruction, or severe infections.
For quick assessment of ECFVE, check for hand vein engorgement. If the peripheral veins in the hand remain engorged when the hand is elevated above the heart level for 10 seconds, ECFVE or hypervolemia is present. 32 ● Unit I Fluids and Their Influence on the Body 5. Moist crackles in the lung usually indicate that the lungs are congested with fluid. 6. Peripheral edema present in the morning may result from inadequate heart, liver, or kidney function. Peripheral edema in the evening may be due to fluid stasis— dependent edema.
5 liters or 2500 mL. 5 L or 2500 mL to replace the current day’s losses Note: The amount for fluid replacement can vary according to the patient’s physical health and age. Patient’s with heart failure cannot receive large fluid replacements. Table 1-6 lists suggested solution and potassium replacement for an ECF deficit. The amount of fluid replacement might change according to the patient’s health status. According to Table 1-6, as potassium enters the cells, fluid flows into the cells with the potassium replacement.